![]() Results: Clinically-lesioned skin from mildly affected dogs was characterized by a significant upregulation of TLR2 (P < 0.0001) and IL-10 (P = 0.021) and downregulation of TLR7 (P = 0.004) when compared with more severely affected dogs. We also assessed the association between the transcripts in clinically-lesioned and normal-looking skin of dogs with leishmaniosis with clinicopathological, immunological and parasitological findings. Methods: We determined and compared the transcription of toll like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4 and 7, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL) 10 and programmed cell death protein ligand (PD-L) 1 by real-time PCR in paired clinically-lesioned and normal-looking skin from 25 diseased dogs (mild disease-stage I (n = 11) and moderate to severe disease-stages II and III (n = 14) as well as in normal-looking skin from healthy dogs (n = 10) from a non-endemic area. infantum and with different degrees of disease severity, and no study has compared clinically-lesioned with normal-looking skin. Moreover, few studies have evaluated the immunological response in the cutaneous lesions in dogs naturally infected with L. ![]() ![]() Much of the work in CanL has focused on adaptive immune response and there are scarce data on the importance of the innate immune responses. The type of immune response elicited against the parasite appears to be at the basis for such clinical variability. Abstract: Background: Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) caused by Leishmania infantum can have several dermatological manifestations.
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